CO2-Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation to Match CO2-Enhanced Oceanic Productivity
Volume 15, Number 8: 22 February 2012
Editorial
CO2-Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation to Match CO2-Enhanced Oceanic Productivity: Atmospheric CO2 enrichment does it all in the world’s seas.
In an enlightening review paper published in Photosynthesis Research, Kranz et al. (2011) note that “marine phytoplankton are responsible for almost half of all photosynthetic carbon fixation on earth and play a vital role in altering the CO2 exchange between ocean and atmosphere,” citing Maier-Reimer et al. (1996) and Gruber (2004). However, they note that lack of nitrates often limits phytoplanktonic growth, and that diazotrophic cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen, such as Trichodesmium species, thus play “a crucial role in many marine ecosystems by providing a new source of biologically available nitrogen.” And they go on to describe how atmospheric CO2enrichment helps to enhance both halves of this important two-pronged phenomenon.
First of all, the three researchers – all from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research located in Bremerhaven, Germany – report that “four recent studies tested the effect of different CO2 concentrations on the growth, biomass production and elemental composition of Trichodesmium (Barcelos e Ramos et al., 2007; Hutchins et al., 2007; Kranz et al., 2009; Levitan et al., 2007),” and they say that these studies “concordantly demonstrated higher growth and/or production rates under elevated pCO2, with a magnitude exceeding those CO2 effects previously seen in other marine phytoplankton.” Continue reading →